Blog Post 3 - JB
- Jordon Bibian
- Sep 30, 2019
- 4 min read
Author: Jordon Bibian
Date: September 29, 2019
Project: Anesthesia Delivery and Monitoring
Team Members: Adin Field, Gordon Ellis, Jordon Bibian, Anagha Arvind
Blog Contents:
1. Five Potential Solutions From Brainstorming Session.
2. Human-centered Design Evaluation
3. Preliminary Design Specification
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Five Potential Solutions From Brainstorming Session
Ketamine Delivery and Monitoring System
This system would utilize Ketamine as an anesthetic. The delivery method would be intramuscular injection to allow the nurse 3 - 5 minutes to monitor the patient while they become unconscious. This method is currently being used to allow for emergency cesarean sections. We will provide a simple flowchart for the nurse to follow. This allows for minimal training and does not require a trained anesthesiologist.
This system would be tested by testing the monitoring features against other devices and running simulations to determine if the device works properly. Statistics of surgery rates in Kenya will be taken every 6 months to see how local clinics are using the device. Interviews of surgeons, nurses, and patients would be performed.
The Closed-Loop System
This system would measure the vitals of an individual and predict the amount of anesthetic the patient would need based on the weight and the patient’s reaction to the drug.
The closed-loop system will be evaluated by the number of surgeries performed. There are currently 0.44 anesthesiologists per 100,000 people in Kenya, causing only 20% of necessary surgeries to be performed. If the closed-loop system can allow more emergency surgeries to take place, the device performance will be determined by the rate of surgeries using the system.
A New Surgery Procedural Method that would not require anesthesia.
Developing a new surgical method for emergency trauma surgeries that would not require anesthesia. This new surgical method would involve tools coated in a material to locally suppress pain.
This system could be tested by running trials on mice and measuring the response to a pin prick coated in this material.
Create a new anesthetic that is easier to administer with lower risk.
This new anesthetic would be easier to administer and would only be based on the weight of the patient. This anesthetic would be administered by a nurse with minimal training.
This new anesthetic would be tested like other drugs by running trials and seeing how cells react to the new anesthetic.
Online training program to train nurses in 30 days.
This training program would allow nurses to administer traditional anesthetics to a patient in emergency settings. Permitting this would increase the number of surgeries per resident in Kenya.
This training program could be tested by having nurses complete the course and run a trial using a simulator.
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Human-centered Design Evaluation
Constraints
Resistance from international anesthesiologist societies such as WFSA (World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists) who may not approve of decreased amounts of training and the use of Ketamine as an anesthetic. If this method became too successful, it may disincentive hospitals to hire anesthesiologists. Additionally, the use of Ketamine in a medical environment will increase the production of Ketamine, which could increase the demand of recreational use and abuse. Ketamine is a psychologically addictive drug with side effects including permanent psychosis.
Developing our device in the United States may be difficult in the United States as Ketamine is a class III scheduled drug and our device may be difficult to distribute as Kenya has high corruption.
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Preliminary Design Specification
Ketamine Delivery and Monitoring
Product Design Specification
Version <1.0>
<09/29/2019>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Overview and Design Guidelines/Approach
This section describes the principles and strategies to be used as guidelines when designing and implementing the system.
1.1 system overview
The Ketamine Delivery and Monitoring (KDM) system is a system that will monitor the heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature to alert Doctors and Nurses if a patient has received too much anesthetic or if they are near a conscious state. This system will utilize the framework for Ketamine in Kenya.
1.2 Assumptions / Constraints / Standards
The Ketamine Delivery and Monitoring system is designed for use in Kenya, so this system must be small, portable, and inexpensive. This system is to only be used in emergency situations where a trained anesthesiologist is not available.
Architecture Design
This section outlines the system and hardware architecture design of the system that is being built.
1.3 Logical View
The KDM device is a self-contained device that will alert the doctor or nurse when the patient is nearing a conscious state. This device, paired with the flowchart, will ensure that a maintenance dose (to keep the patient in a dissociative state) can be given before the set interval in the case that the drug is not as effective on the individual patient.
1.4 Hardware Architecture
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1.5 Software Architecture
N/A
1.6 Security Architecture
N/A
1.7 Communication Architecture
N/A
1.8 Performance
-The KDM system must measure the heart rate accurately within 5 beats per minute.
-The KDM system must measure the blood pressure within 10% accuracy when compared to another device.
-The KDM system must measure the respiratory rate within 10% accuracy when compared to another device.
-The KDM system must measure the body temperature within 5% accuracy when compared to another device.
-The KDM system must alert the staff when the heart rate, blood pressure, O2 saturation, or body temperature is 10% above or below the average for the patient’s height and weight. This will serve to warn the doctor that the effects of the anesthetic may be wearing off.
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References
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